Protein kinase B/Akt and downstream dephosphorylation is not tissue dependent. (A) Theoretical kidney bupivacaine concentration (solid line) with 95% CI (dotted lines) based on radiolabel studies (see Materials and Methods: Bupivacaine Concentration Fit Curves and Grouping). (B) Western blots of lysates from cortex of kidney at different time points during recovery for protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylated at S473, Akt phosphorylated at T308, glycogen synthase kinase-3α (GSK-3α) and -3β (GSK-3β) phosphorylated at S21 and S9, respectively, with total glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) as loading control. (C) Densitometry of kidney lysate Western blots for Akt at S473 and T308 relative to total Akt and loading control and densitometry of GSK-3β relative to loading control for tissue concentration of bupivacaine greater than sodium channel IC50 (greater than 100 μM bupivacaine) compared with baseline, **P < 0.01, Sidak post hoc test.
