Fig. 2.
Tranexamic acid (TXA) increases neuronal excitation propagation in the basolateral amygdala. Voltage-sensitive dye imaging recordings were performed in the basolateral amygdala. Slices were stained with the voltage-sensitive dye Pyridinium, 4-(2-(6-(dibutylamino)-2-naphthalenyl)et henyl)-1-(3-sulfopropyl)-,hydroxide, inner salt (Di-4-ANEPPS). Images were recorded with a sampling rate of 2.2 ms. Signals were evoked by electrical stimulation of the lateral nucleus of the amygdala, and the region of interest was set to the basolateral amygdala. Signal fractional change in fluorescence (ΔF/F) and amplitude of fast, depolarization–mediated signals (FDS) were analyzed. (A) Overview of topography in coronal slices; (B) TXA (1 mM) increased FDS amplitude to 129 ± 6% of control (n = 5; adjusted P = 0.036). When the concentration of TXA was increased to 3 mM, FDS were enhanced to 220 ± 26% (n = 5; adjusted P = 0.026) of control. FDS amplitudes recovered to control levels upon TXA washout. (C) Representative recording trace of one experiment. (D) Representative filmstrip of one experiment. TXA led to an enhanced propagation of neuronal excitation and to pronounced depolarization in the cortex after electrical stimulation of the lateral amygdala. *P < 0.05.

Tranexamic acid (TXA) increases neuronal excitation propagation in the basolateral amygdala. Voltage-sensitive dye imaging recordings were performed in the basolateral amygdala. Slices were stained with the voltage-sensitive dye Pyridinium, 4-(2-(6-(dibutylamino)-2-naphthalenyl)et henyl)-1-(3-sulfopropyl)-,hydroxide, inner salt (Di-4-ANEPPS). Images were recorded with a sampling rate of 2.2 ms. Signals were evoked by electrical stimulation of the lateral nucleus of the amygdala, and the region of interest was set to the basolateral amygdala. Signal fractional change in fluorescence (ΔF/F) and amplitude of fast, depolarization–mediated signals (FDS) were analyzed. (A) Overview of topography in coronal slices; (B) TXA (1 mM) increased FDS amplitude to 129 ± 6% of control (n = 5; adjusted P = 0.036). When the concentration of TXA was increased to 3 mM, FDS were enhanced to 220 ± 26% (n = 5; adjusted P = 0.026) of control. FDS amplitudes recovered to control levels upon TXA washout. (C) Representative recording trace of one experiment. (D) Representative filmstrip of one experiment. TXA led to an enhanced propagation of neuronal excitation and to pronounced depolarization in the cortex after electrical stimulation of the lateral amygdala. *P < 0.05.

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