Possible results of tests of equivalence. −Δ and +Δ are the a priori assigned equivalence margins. The results of Van der LInden et al.1 fit examples A or B. Examples A and B pass the test of equivalence, as the mean and 95% CI of each are within ±Δ. Examples C, D, and E fail the test of equivalence, as the 95% CI of each extend outside ±Δ. F presents a possible trial result appearing to demonstrate simultaneously both equivalence and superiority, highlighting the importance of context.