Fig. 3.
Immunoblot analysis of phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α after Akt inhibition and isoflurane treatment. Renal cell carcinoma cells were pretreated with an Akt inhibitor (LY294004) for 16 h and then with or without 2% isoflurane in 21% oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide balanced with nitrogen for 2 h, and immunoblotting was performed at different time point 8-h postgas exposure. Isoflurane-induced increases of p-Akt (A) and HIF-1α (B) were abolished by an Akt inhibitor LY294002. Data were presented as mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA with Tukey corrections; * P < 0.05, **** P < 0.0001 as presented (n = 8). Iso = isoflurane; NC = naive control.