Kidney lesions assessed by conventional histology. (A) Individual scores and medians of the different groups of renal alterations by using conventional histology. (B–D) Typical histological appearance of the renal cortex from Sham, control, and total liquid ventilation (TLV) groups, respectively. In kidney from the Sham group (B), no particular lesion can be observed. In kidney from the control group (C), a coagulation necrosis of epithelial cells can be observed in the proximal tubes. In kidney from the TLV group (D), a dilation of the proximal tube can be observed. (E–H) Typical appearance of the kidney from the different groups after immunohistochemistry with RAM11 antibody (marker of macrophage). No positive cells can be observed in most kidneys (E, F, and H), including in a foci of tube necrosis in the control groups (F). As shown in (G), very rare macrophages (arrows) were identified and usually remote from the foci of necrosis and/or tube dilation. (I–L) Typical appearance of the kidney from the different groups after immunohistochemistry with CD10 antibody (marker of the brush-border membrane). A preserved membrane was observed in all kidneys from the Sham group (I). In kidney from the control group, a loss in density was observed (J). Two kidneys from the TLV groups are shown with either preserved (K) or altered (L) patterns.*P < 0.05 versus corresponding control; †P < 0.05 versus Sham and control.