Fig. 5. Effect of nebulized lidocaine on lung subepithelial fibrosis, total collagen, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity after ovalbumin provocation in mice. Photomicrographs are representative of lung histologic sections (stained with Gömöri trichrome stain) obtained from saline-challenged (A ), ovalbumin-challenged (B ), and ovalbumin-challenged mice treated with 1% lidocaine (C ). Quantitative assessment of fibrotic changes (D ) was carried out in lung sections. Ovalbumin-sensitized mice were divided into five groups: saline-challenged (n = 8), ovalbumin-challenged (n = 8), ovalbumin-challenged treated with 0.25% lidocaine (n = 7), ovalbumin-challenged treated with 0.5% lidocaine (n = 7), and ovalbumin-challenged treated with 1% lidocaine (n = 8). Quantitative assessment of total collagen (E ) was carried out in lung samples by Sircol collagen assay. Ovalbumin-sensitized mice were divided into five groups: saline-challenged (n = 7), ovalbumin-challenged (n = 7), ovalbumin-challenged treated with 0.25% lidocaine (n = 5), ovalbumin-challenged treated with 0.5% lidocaine (n = 5), and ovalbumin-challenged treated with 1% lidocaine (n = 6). Quantitative assessment of matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity (F ) was carried out in lung samples by gelatin zymography. Ovalbumin-sensitized mice were divided into five groups: saline-challenged (n = 5), ovalbumin-challenged (n = 6), ovalbumin-challenged treated with 0.25% lidocaine (n = 5), ovalbumin-challenged treated with 0.5% lidocaine (n = 5), and ovalbumin-challenged treated with 1% lidocaine (n = 5). The insert (G ) shows a representative gelatin zymogram of matrix metalloproteinase-9 lung activity obtained from the respective groups. Data from fibrosis changes and total collagen are expressed as the mean ± SD, and data from matrix metalloproteinase-9 are expressed as median and interquartile range. +P < 0.05 as compared with the saline group; *P < 0.05 as compared with ovalbumin-challenged mice; #P < 0.05 as compared with ovalbumin-challenged mice treated with 0.25% lidocaine; &P < 0.05 as compared with ovalbumin-challenged mice treated with 0.5% lidocaine. BR = bronchioles; MMP-9 = matrix metalloproteinase-9; OVA = ovalbumin.

Fig. 5. Effect of nebulized lidocaine on lung subepithelial fibrosis, total collagen, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity after ovalbumin provocation in mice. Photomicrographs are representative of lung histologic sections (stained with Gömöri trichrome stain) obtained from saline-challenged (A ), ovalbumin-challenged (B ), and ovalbumin-challenged mice treated with 1% lidocaine (C ). Quantitative assessment of fibrotic changes (D ) was carried out in lung sections. Ovalbumin-sensitized mice were divided into five groups: saline-challenged (n = 8), ovalbumin-challenged (n = 8), ovalbumin-challenged treated with 0.25% lidocaine (n = 7), ovalbumin-challenged treated with 0.5% lidocaine (n = 7), and ovalbumin-challenged treated with 1% lidocaine (n = 8). Quantitative assessment of total collagen (E ) was carried out in lung samples by Sircol collagen assay. Ovalbumin-sensitized mice were divided into five groups: saline-challenged (n = 7), ovalbumin-challenged (n = 7), ovalbumin-challenged treated with 0.25% lidocaine (n = 5), ovalbumin-challenged treated with 0.5% lidocaine (n = 5), and ovalbumin-challenged treated with 1% lidocaine (n = 6). Quantitative assessment of matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity (F ) was carried out in lung samples by gelatin zymography. Ovalbumin-sensitized mice were divided into five groups: saline-challenged (n = 5), ovalbumin-challenged (n = 6), ovalbumin-challenged treated with 0.25% lidocaine (n = 5), ovalbumin-challenged treated with 0.5% lidocaine (n = 5), and ovalbumin-challenged treated with 1% lidocaine (n = 5). The insert (G ) shows a representative gelatin zymogram of matrix metalloproteinase-9 lung activity obtained from the respective groups. Data from fibrosis changes and total collagen are expressed as the mean ± SD, and data from matrix metalloproteinase-9 are expressed as median and interquartile range. +P < 0.05 as compared with the saline group; *P < 0.05 as compared with ovalbumin-challenged mice; #P < 0.05 as compared with ovalbumin-challenged mice treated with 0.25% lidocaine; &P < 0.05 as compared with ovalbumin-challenged mice treated with 0.5% lidocaine. BR = bronchioles; MMP-9 = matrix metalloproteinase-9; OVA = ovalbumin.

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