Fig. 3. Ethanol/Tween-containing vehicle enhances the antinociceptive effects of the QX-314/capsaicin combination in rats with a nerve ligation. Time course shows that withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimuli (A ) was increased more by the QX-314/capsaicin combination dissolved in ethanol/Tween-containing vehicle than dimethyl sulfoxide-containing vehicle. The composition of the vehicle had little effect on the withdrawal threshold to thermal stimuli (B ). *P < 0.05 for ethanol/Tween-containing vehicle compared with the dimethyl sulfoxide-containing vehicle at the same time point. N = 6. DMSO = dimethyl sulfoxide.