Fig. 9. Isoflurane (Iso) decreases glutamate concentration in the media during profound hypothermia (PH) and rewarming (RW). Glutamate was assayed in control cultures and after 6 h at 4°C followed by 1 h of rewarming (PH/RW), and with 2% Iso in the gas phase during the entire PH/RW period. The KCl group was treated with 80 mM KCl at 37°C to cause maximal glutamate release. The number of cultures in each treatment group is indicated with a number above the bars . The lines  and asterisks  above the error bars  describe statistical differences between different treatment groups (P  less than 0.05), measured with analysis of variance and a Tukey multiple comparison posttest.