Fig. 4. Cardiac output (CO, A ), oxygen delivery (DO2, B ) and oxygen consumption (VO2, C ) at the end of 2 h fluid infusion (phase III). Data are expressed as mean +/−SD (n = 10); HES = hydroxyethyl starch; LR = lactated Ringer's solution; MAP = mean arterial blood pressure; WB = whole blood. 50, 70, and 90 in x-axis means maintaining MAP at 50, 70, and 90 mmHg with LR, HES, or LR+HES and LR+whole blood. *P < 0.05. **P < 0.01 versus 50 mmHg group in the same fluid groups. +P < 0.05 versus the same MAP level of the LR group.