Fig. 4. Both MyD88−/−and Trif−/−mice are resistant to endotoxin shock. Age-matched WT, MyD88−/−, and Trif−/−mice were administered with LPS (15 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) or saline (data not shown). The mice were subsequently examined for left ventricular function by serial echocardiography and mortality. (A ) Representative M-mode echocardiograms were presented at the baseline and 6 h after LPS administration. (B ) Survival rate after LPS administration. LPS = lipopolysaccharide; MyD88 = myeloid differentiation factor 88; Trif = TIR-domain-containing adaptor protein inducing interferon-β mediated transcription-factor; WT = wild-type. N = 5 in all 3 LPS groups; *P < 0.05 versus WT.