Fig. 5. (A ) Time courses of pain and comfort evaluation performed every 4 h using the Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS) within 24 h of mechanical ventilation in pressure support ventilation (PSV) and neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA). No significant difference was observed between the two modes at any time. The total BPS value can range from 3 (no pain and excellent comfort) to 12 (most pain with maximal discomfort). (B ) Time courses of sedation and agitation evaluation performed every 4 h using the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) within 24 h of mechanical ventilation in PSV and NAVA. No significant difference was observed between the two modes at any time. The RASS value can range from −5 (unarousable) to +4 (combative).