![Fig. 5. High-dose local anesthetic (levobupivacaine, ropivacaine, and mepivacaine) and lipid emulsion (LE) dose-response curves in the endothelium-denuded aorta precontracted with 60 mM potassium chloride (KCl). Data are shown as mean ± SD and expressed as the percentage change from maximal baseline precontraction induced by isotonic 60 mM KCl (100% = 2.88 ± 0.67 g [n = 6], 100% = 2.99 ± 0.38 g [n = 6], 100% = 3.21 ± 0.45 g [n = 6], and 100% = 2.83 ± 0.25 g [n = 3] for endothelium-denuded aorta with 3 × 10−4M levobupivacaine, 10−3M ropivacaine, 10−2M mepivacaine, and time-matched control for 10−2M mepivacaine, respectively). There were no significant differences in LE dose-response curves in endothelium-denuded aorta between 10−2M mepivacaine and the time-matched control treated with mepivacaine, but not LE. N indicates the number of rats from which descending thoracic aortic rings were derived. *P < 0.001 versus 3 × 10−4M levobupivacaine; †P < 0.001 versus 10−3M ropivacaine; ‡P < 0.001 versus 60 mM KCl-induced contraction; # P < 0.001 versus 10−3M ropivacaine at 0.24–1.81% LE.](https://asa2.silverchair-cdn.com/asa2/content_public/journal/anesthesiology/114/2/10.1097_aln.0b013e3182054d22/4/17ff5.png?Expires=1716515304&Signature=xCgblR7LN6LhGDTlSMIQlmSd81Mu0xu8cImApd6DUoGpdZ4FjWstRkGH~K1E52fbNnk7Q8VPb5k-so3ZzNC6-PkDW~c8NGaMJxSVIIdQAn~4GU43C0Y4pPetWeihSxCzxns28zzIjKSBJdyotL1U4SFRMqV9aMx2noIgcUWTdv0zOy2PYDRNnIR4bFftGjO5wYDJ--Zp7ft8O5bNEsh1ikMjcIR37S6xJLAgxzofmJrmU55yA7i35V6uU-t4SrbBBaPqLYOVU023tvA-9oQN8BbkhQkHTKy4CJWNXoFAGUBjpIuUjjk25DMDJRO5KiBsWLpxVT46EBE7y8lJgKVlgg__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA)
Fig. 5. High-dose local anesthetic (levobupivacaine, ropivacaine, and mepivacaine) and lipid emulsion (LE) dose-response curves in the endothelium-denuded aorta precontracted with 60 mM potassium chloride (KCl). Data are shown as mean ± SD and expressed as the percentage change from maximal baseline precontraction induced by isotonic 60 mM KCl (100% = 2.88 ± 0.67 g [n = 6], 100% = 2.99 ± 0.38 g [n = 6], 100% = 3.21 ± 0.45 g [n = 6], and 100% = 2.83 ± 0.25 g [n = 3] for endothelium-denuded aorta with 3 × 10−4M levobupivacaine, 10−3M ropivacaine, 10−2M mepivacaine, and time-matched control for 10−2M mepivacaine, respectively). There were no significant differences in LE dose-response curves in endothelium-denuded aorta between 10−2M mepivacaine and the time-matched control treated with mepivacaine, but not LE. N indicates the number of rats from which descending thoracic aortic rings were derived. *P < 0.001 versus 3 × 10−4M levobupivacaine; †P < 0.001 versus 10−3M ropivacaine; ‡P < 0.001 versus 60 mM KCl-induced contraction; # P < 0.001 versus 10−3M ropivacaine at 0.24–1.81% LE.
