Fig. 2. Pain behaviors of the rats that underwent electrophysiological studies. (A ) Guarding pain behavior measured during a 30-min period. The results are presented as mean and SEM. One-way ANOVA (F 3,23= 12.2, P < 0.0001) with Tukey post hoc test. (B ) Withdrawal threshold to von Frey filament application. The results are expressed as median (thick horizontal line) with 1st and 3rd quartiles (box) and 10th and 90th percentiles (thin horizontal lines). Kruskal-Wallis test (KW3,23statistic = 21.0, P = 0.0001) with Dunn post hoc test. (C ) Withdrawal latency to heat stimulation. The results are presented as mean and SEM. One-way ANOVA (F 3,23= 31.5, P < 0.0001) with Tukey post hoc test. POD = postoperative day. *P < 0.5, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.