Fig. 1. Survival rate during 30 min of left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation in all groups. The survival rate was 83% (15 of 18), 94% (17 of 18), 89% (16 of 18), 83% (15 of 18), and 67% (12 of 18) in the Control, low-dose propofol (Prop-LD), high-dose propofol (Prop-HD), propofol with atropine (Prop-Atr), and sevoflurane (Sevo) groups, respectively. A low dose of propofol significantly decreased the mortality rate, as compared with sevoflurane (  P = 0.038, Prop-LD  vs. Sevo group). §  P < 0.05  versus Prop-LD.