Fig. 7. Effects of sevoflurane on intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) levels in the presence of ED80carbachol. Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 6 each). * P < 0.05 versus control without carbachol. † P < 0.05 versus values in other groups with carbachol and sevoflurane. MAC = minimum alveolar concentration. Sevoflurane significantly and dose-dependently increased cyclic AMP levels in all groups; however, the level in the chronic cigarette-smoking group was significantly less than the levels in the other groups.