Fig. 3. Dose-dependent effects of dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) on renal function and DCAA excretion in urine. Results (mean ± SD) are the predose baseline (Pre) and mean (days 1–4) daily post-DCAA urine osmolality, and cumulative 4-day post-DCAA urine volume and DCAA excretion. A 4-day predose baseline urine sample was not obtained. No significant differences from baseline or between groups were observed for urine volume or osmolality.