Fig. 1.
Patient disposition. Of the 542 patients eligible for the study, 33 were not included or treated because inclusion criteria were not met (n = 17); the surgical procedure was not eligible (n = 14); or the investigator (n = 1) or ventilator (n = 1) was not available. The first patient included in the study at each of the 17 study centers was assigned xenon treatment for practical reasons and was included in the safety population. Subsequent patients included at each center were randomized 1:1:1 into the three treatment groups that comprised the intention-to-treat population. A total of 46 patients were excluded from the per-protocol population due to at least one major protocol deviation. *Includes two patients who discontinued the study prematurely. **Includes one patient who discontinued the study prematurely. TIVA = total intravenous anesthesia.