Fig. 4.
Oral application of magnesium-l-threonate (L-TAMS) blocks the vincristine (VCR)-induced up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRG). (A) The Western blots show the levels of TNF-α in DRG tissue at different time points after the onset of vincristine (VCR) injection (n = 6 per group). (B) The VCR-induced TNF-α up-regulation was completely blocked by coadministration of L-TAMS (n = 6 per group). (C) The photographs of the double immunofluorescence staining show that TNF-α is only colocalized with neuron markers (NF-200, IB4, and calcitonin gene–related peptide [CGRP]) but not with satellite glial cell marker (glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP]). The arrowheads indicate the coimmunostaining of TNF-α and neuron markers. VCR injection increased TNF-α expression in DRG neurons, which was blocked by oral L-TAMS (n = 5 per group). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, compared with the vehicle (Veh) group; #P < 0.05, ###P < 0.001, compared with the VCR group.