Activation of ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) activity by the halogenated anesthetics. (A) Response of three RyR2 to application and washout of halothane. (B–F) RyR2 activity on an expanded timescale in the presence of various cytoplasmic concentrations of (B) halothane, (C) desflurane, (D) isoflurane, (E) enflurane, and (F) sevoflurane. The anesthetic concentrations in the cytoplasmic (cis) baths are shown at the edge of each trace. The cytoplasmic bath contained 2 mM adenosine triphosphate and 0.1 μM Ca²⁺ and the luminal bath contained 0.1 mM Ca²⁺. Cytoplasmic and luminal baths also contained 230 mM CsCH₃O₃S and 20 mM CsCl (pH 7.4). Recordings obtained at −40 mV show channel openings as downward current jumps from the baseline (dashed lines).