Cervical cancer cell invasion after sevoflurane exposure. Caski cells were treated with or without different concentrations (1, 2, or 3%) of sevoflurane in 5% carbon dioxide balanced with air for 2 or 4 h, and Transwell assay (A and B) was performed at different time points (0, 2, 4, and 6 h) after gas exposure. HeLa cells were also exposed to sevoflurane for 2 or 4 h, and Transwell assay (C and D) was performed at 0, 2, 4, and 6 h after gas exposure, respectively. Immunofluorescent analysis of microstructural changes of Caski and HeLa cells after sevoflurane exposure was performed 4 h after 2% sevoflurane exposure for 2 h. Tetramethylrhodamine-5-(and 6)-isothiocyanate-phalloidin–F-actin and fluorescein isothiocyanate–α-tubulin were used for cell staining for visualization of the microtubular network (E). The cell area was measured by ImageJ software after sevoflurane exposure. The data are presented as means ± SD (n = 6). One-way ANOVA with Dunnett comparison (Transwell) and unpaired t test (cell size) were used. *P < 0.001 versus control. DAPI, 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole.