Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress by treatment with 4-PBA and GSK2606414 downregulated the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL) 1β, and IL-6, and inhibited the activation of astrocytes in the spinal cord in tumor group mice. (A and E) Representative blots of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the spinal cord 3 h after injection in tumor and sham group mice. (B and F) Quantification of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in different groups. One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test, ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01, ^###P < 0.001 compared with the expression of TNF-α in tumor plus vehicle mice; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 compared with the expression of IL-1β in tumor plus vehicle mice; ^{^}P < 0.05, ^{^^}P < 0.01, ^{^^^}P < 0.001 compared with the expression of IL-6 in tumor plus vehicle mice; n = 6 per group. (C and G) Fluorescent photomicrographs of the astrocyte marker GFAP in the spinal cord 3 h after 4-PBA and GSK2606414 injection, respectively in tumor group mice; scale bar, 100 μm. (D and H) Quantification of the GFAP-positive area. One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test, ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01, ^###P < 0.001 compared with tumor plus vehicle mice; n = 6 per group. Data are expressed as mean ± SD.