Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2) activation in lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRG). (A to D) Ipsilateral L4/5 DRG were collected after 5 days of oral dimethyl fumarate treatment (300 mg/kg; once per day) or vehicle, which began 14 days after spared nerve injury (SNI)/sham surgery. (A) NFE2L2 and nuclei were immunofluorescently labeled in DRG sections. The number of DAPI-positive nuclei colocalized with NFE2L2 are expressed as a percentage of the total number of nuclei in each section. (B) Representative fluorescent photomicrographs are presented (40×). Scale bar = 50 μm. (C) NFE2L2 protein levels were assayed in nuclear extracts using Western blotting. Blot density (normalized to histone H3 loading control) and relative to the sham-vehicle condition is presented. (D) Representative blots are presented. Data are mean ± SD; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001; DRG from n = 6 rat/group.