Indirect comparisons among volatile anesthetics during cardiac surgery. Values are presented as summary odds ratio (mean) and as 95% CI. Statistical analyses were performed using network meta-analysis method. (A) Forest plot per treatment of overall mortality, which represents the mortality of the longest available follow-up. (B) Forest plot per treatment of in-hospital mortality. (C) Forest plot per treatment of postoperative pulmonary complications. (D) Forest plot per treatment of other (nonpulmonary) complications. DES = desflurane; ISO = isoflurane; SEV = sevoflurane; TIVA = total IV anesthesia.