Paclitaxel (Pacl)-induced allodynia and up-regulation of cytokines in the spinal cord. (A) Treatment with paclitaxel (8 mg/kg at day 1, 4, 7) significantly decreased the hindpaw withdraw threshold. Intrathecal injection of neutralizing antibody against CX3CL1 (10 μg/10 μl for 10 days) attenuates mechanical allodynia induced by paclitaxel. n = 12 in each group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. corresponding paclitaxel group. (B) The messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of interleukin (IL)-6, CCL1, IL-1β, CX3CL1, IL-10, and IL-15 were surveyed in the spinal dorsal horn of the rats at 1, 4, and 10 days after treatment with paclitaxel. n = 6 in each group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. IgG = immunoglobulin G.