Fig. 3.
Exogenous histones aggravated lung damage and inflammation in mice with ARDS. (A) Pulmonary instillation of exogenous histone mixture (20 mg/kg) or recombinant histone H4 (5 mg/kg) caused mild lung damage in mice, evidenced by an increase of BALF LDH levels at 6 h in contrast to sham-treated mice. (B) Histone mixture or (C) histone H4 plus HCl significantly decreased the survival rate of HCl-treated mice (*P < 0.05). (D) Lung histological scores were higher in histone mixture or histone H4 plus HCl groups than in HCl alone group (mean ± SD). BALF (E) TNF-α (F) IL-1β (G) IL-6 (H) IL-10 levels were all notably increased in histones plus HCl groups as compared with HCl-treated mice (mean ± SD). ARDS = acute respiratory distress syndrome; BALF = bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; HCl = hydrochloric acid; IL-1β = interleukin-1β; IL-6 = interleukin 6; IL-10 = interleukin-10; LDH = lactate dehydrogenase; TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor-α.

Exogenous histones aggravated lung damage and inflammation in mice with ARDS. (A) Pulmonary instillation of exogenous histone mixture (20 mg/kg) or recombinant histone H4 (5 mg/kg) caused mild lung damage in mice, evidenced by an increase of BALF LDH levels at 6 h in contrast to sham-treated mice. (B) Histone mixture or (C) histone H4 plus HCl significantly decreased the survival rate of HCl-treated mice (*P < 0.05). (D) Lung histological scores were higher in histone mixture or histone H4 plus HCl groups than in HCl alone group (mean ± SD). BALF (E) TNF-α (F) IL-1β (G) IL-6 (H) IL-10 levels were all notably increased in histones plus HCl groups as compared with HCl-treated mice (mean ± SD). ARDS = acute respiratory distress syndrome; BALF = bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; HCl = hydrochloric acid; IL-1β = interleukin-1β; IL-6 = interleukin 6; IL-10 = interleukin-10; LDH = lactate dehydrogenase; TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor-α.

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