Hydrogen coadministration mitigated impairments of maternal behavior caused by sevoflurane exposure to dams in their early stage after birth. The aspects of maternal behaviors were assessed on the day of parturition. Same sets of mice were used in all tests shown in figure 10 (control dams, n = 11; sevoflurane-treated dams, n = 10; sevoflurane + hydrogen coadministered dams, n = 10). The same data for the control dams and sevoflurane-treated dams in figure 2 are reused. (A) Ratio of pups with or without milk in the digestive tract. (B) Ratio of cleaned or poorly cleaned pups. (C) The nest quality score (grade 0–3). (D) Percentage of scattered pups outside of the nest. (E) Time spent crouching over the pups in the nest. Comparisons were performed using a one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test. F and P values are presented below each panel. *P < 0.05, **P <0.01, ***P < 0.001.