Propofol-induced reduction in glucose metabolic rate. (A) Spatial distribution of brain metabolism (standardized uptake value ratio [SUVr]) during different propofol anesthesia states. A voxel-wise mean metabolism map was calculated by averaging the metabolism map across all rats in each state. (B) Statistically significant decreases in SUVr across widespread brain regions between different consciousness states (corrected P < 0.05, using Monte Carlo simulations). Decreases in metabolism are more evident in the cortex than in the subcortical regions, especially when comparing deep sedation with deep anesthesia. (C) Two-way ANOVA analysis revealed significant main effects of propofol dosage, as well as an interaction effect between dosage and region, confirming that propofol has distinct effects in the cortical and subcortical regions. (D) Scatterplot of the relationship across voxels between changes in brain metabolism and initial cerebral metabolic level.