Changes in neuronal–glial metabolites for all three time points and all three treatment groups: normothermia, hypothermia, and 15-min delayed hypothermia, represented by “N”, “H”, and “D,” respectively. In graphs B–Gx axis represents time points, and y axis represents the ratio of each time point to initial time. (A) Ratios for the end of recovery (T₃) of pyruvate carboxylase (PC)/(pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) fluxes producing ¹³C-glutamate and ¹³C-glutamine, calculated from (C2 − C3)/C4 of glutamate or glutamine. Calculated values have no relation to control values at T₀, and are not normalized to them. In the text there is a discussion of group H’s significantly greater PC/PDH for glutamine production. (B) Ratios of acetate/glucose consumption glutamate production, which at the end of the recovery period was significantly decreased in group D. Values for each time point are normalized to T₀ control data. (C–G) Metabolite quantifications for the last three time points, each measured relative to T₀ control data. (C) Glutamate C2; (D) glutamine C2, which was always increased in the hypothermia group; (E) lactate C3; (F) glutamate C4, and (G) glutamine C4; (H) fractional ¹³C enrichment of lactate came from ¹H data at 1.33 ppm, and was not normalized to control values. All data are presented as mean ± standard error values for three experiments. Significant differences, highlighted with asterisks, are defined with P < 0.0056, the Bonferroni-corrected upper limit 5% for type I errors.