Fig. 1. Ratio of granulocytes (in percent) actively ingesting bacteria to total amount of granulocytes after 10, 30, and 60 min of exposure to local anesthetic. Data are presented as mean and SD. Significant inhibition of lidocaine occurred after 30 and 60 min (+P < 0.0002), and significant inhibition of bupivacaine occurred after 0 and 30 min (*P < 0.005).