Figure 7. The percentage efflux of the alveolar protein tracer, a measure of lung epithelial injury, from the bacteria-instilled left lungs of control and pretreated animals. In the animals pre-treated with pentoxifylline, the efflux of the alveolar protein tracer (¹²⁵) I-albumin) was significantly less than in the animals pretreated with saline-HCl or anti-tumor necrosis factor [Greek small letter alpha]. In fact, the animals pretreated with pentoxifylline had significantly less epithelial injury than did the control animals, which received bacteria but not acid. *Significant at P < 0.01 when compared with the group that received anti-tumor necrosis factor [Greek small letter alpha] intravenously plus HCl intrathecally plus bacteria and the group that received saline intravenously plus HCl intrathecally plus bacteria. [Section] Significant at P < 0.05 when compared with the group that received saline intravenously plus phosphate-buffered saline intrathecally plus bacteria.