Fig. 4. Plot of propofol infusion rates (μg · kg−1· min−1, mean ± SD) at various milestones during surgery. The solid line with closed circles indicates the standard practice group, and the dashed line with open circles indicates the Bispectral Index Scale (BIS) group (titration to BIS 45–60). Endpoints are abbreviated as time from procedural start (I) to discontinuing propofol (P). The numbers accompanying these abbreviations refer to minutes before or after the respective endpoint. Statistical significance (P ≤ 0.05) is indicated with an asterisk. Adapted from Gan et al. 44