Figure 2. Comparison of the inotropic effects of desflurane on (A) maximum unloaded shortening velocity (Vmax) and (B) isometric active force (AF) normalized per cross-sectional area, in papillary muscles from healthy and cardiomyopathic hamsters. Desflurane concentrations are reported in vol%. Data are mean +/− SD (n = 10 in each group). P values refer to differences between groups. NS, not significant. *P < 0.05 versus baseline values.