Figure 2. Mean values of the observers' assessment of alertness/sedation score (left panel, (closed circle)), visual analog scale for pain scoring (left, (open circle)), bispectral index of the electroencephalogram (B-i EEG)(right, (open triangle)) and heart rate (right, (open square), units = beats/min) in the control (C), control-pain (C + P), sevoflurane (S), and sevoflurane-pain (S + P) studies.* and #P < 0.05 versus all other studies. The visual analog scale was assessed only during noxious stimulation.