Fig. 3.
![Arithmetic means (± SD) of the maximal elastance (Emax) of the left ventricle. ***P < 0.001 versus group 3 (control) and versus group 4 (lumbar epidural anesthesia [LEA]). ESPLR, end-systolic pressure length relationship, TEA, thoracic epidural anesthesia. Modified with permission from Goertz et al. (Goertz AW, Seeling W, Heinrich H, Lindner KH, Schirmer U: Influence of high-thoracic epidural anesthesia on left ventricular contractility assessed using the end-systolic pressure-length relationship. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1993; 37:38–44.)](https://asa2.silverchair-cdn.com/asa2/content_public/journal/anesthesiology/130/3/10.1097_aln.0000000000002558/4/26ff03.png?Expires=1716469594&Signature=A636fuuicChrmUoVGHqow25TVCLMj5nFocDCWvKDOdqyc9jDx6bScH72v~~uagATX-kBIQyNq2gBgnVH7ZrYiDTdBl1DJG4k~DNkuDUrC4Lzws6cpoFuRr5DdWf4i0iCCWBoxedAPq2kg4D1ZMBYSyKlyQgm5sDdiodHhAr7gx63NJW00yEgsd1-OkdapwA8e~AEc6OYWZQ7d7PzS2EHchcflCkloUh7QBB0z9MoYpD9h1INPn9a1k9aeqCPnUq3ZsO6qVD7Hgxtz5kdjQMzlRViNf4wwbmI8zlBWwRSr~5RW0DWyvgfvUf3ytqK~NREYqDQvuuxW1MpZN85XW1uDQ__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA)
Arithmetic means (± SD) of the maximal elastance (Emax) of the left ventricle. ***P < 0.001 versus group 3 (control) and versus group 4 (lumbar epidural anesthesia [LEA]). ESPLR, end-systolic pressure length relationship, TEA, thoracic epidural anesthesia. Modified with permission from Goertz et al. (Goertz AW, Seeling W, Heinrich H, Lindner KH, Schirmer U: Influence of high-thoracic epidural anesthesia on left ventricular contractility assessed using the end-systolic pressure-length relationship. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1993; 37:38–44.)
