Figure 2. Decrease in opioid intake for three patients in the study. Pain ratings for these patients were stable or decreased slightly compared with starting/baseline values (Table 1). The dotted portion of the line with open squares for patient 2 is morphine administration after device removal; this continued to increase to an off-scale level of 135 mg/day at death on day 60. The device was retrieved after death for patients 5 and 6 and thus no post values are available.