Figure 1. Distribution of patient data points (days to discharge) in the two groups of Evans and Richardson (1988) in London and three groups of Liu et al. (1992) in Nottingham. Test groups were presented with therapeutic suggestions during anesthesia. The suffixes “B” and “H” indicate that those control groups received a blank or “history” tape, respectively, in the Nottingham study. With the presentation of data in scatter plots, it is evident that, although four of the groups were similar in their mean and typical durations of stay in the hospital, the London control group was distinctive, with most patients staying longer in the hospital. (Reproduced with permission from Millar. [77])