Microinjection of mefloquine (Meflo) or carbenoxolone disodium salt (Cbx) to the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) could relieve chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain. (A) The schematic view of ACC microinjection experiments. (B) The image shows an example of the location of microinjection site in one ACC slice with hematoxylin and eosin staining. Scale bar, 1 mm. (C) Reversal of CCI-induced mechanical allodynia by ACC microinjection of Meflo (100 mM, 1.6 μl) (two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test, F(1,144) = 60.174, P < 0.0001; *P < 0.05, compared with phosphate-buffered saline [PBS] with 1% dimethyl sulfoxide vehicle [Veh], n = 12 to 14). (D) Attenuation of CCI-induced thermal hyperalgesia by ACC microinjection of Meflo (two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test, F(1,84) = 112.141, P < 0.0001; *P < 0.05, compared with PBS with 1% dimethyl sulfoxide vehicle, n = 7 to 9). (E) Effects of ACC microinjection of Cbx (100 mM, 1.6 μl) or vehicle on CCI-induced mechanical allodynia (two-way ANOVA, F(1,150) = 43.281, P < 0.0001; post hoc tests revealed that CCI-induced mechanical allodynia was significantly reduced by Cbx treatment; *P < 0.05, compared with PBS vehicle, n = 13 to 14). (F) Reversal of thermal hyperalgesia after CCI by ACC microinjection of Cbx (two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test, F(1,84) = 79.52, P < 0.0001; *P < 0.05, compared with PBS vehicle, n = 8).