Effect of flumazenil (FLZ) on power spectra during emergence and recovery. Solid lines represent the average normalized power spectral density (PSD) estimates for animals after cessation of anesthesia for early emergence (A) and late emergence (B). Transparent lines designate the raw PSD traces for individual animals in each group. Blue indicates saline (SAL)-treated animals, n = 12; orange indicates FLZ-treated animals, n = 12. Significance at P < 0.001 is designated by • as described in the Materials and Methods section. EEG = electroencephalography.