AMPK activation by resveratrol suppresses phosphorylated Akt and mTOR signaling in neurons both in vivo and in vitro. (A) Representative western blot bands and a data summary (n = 4 each group) of phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR in the spinal cord after TCI. Resveratrol (300 mg/kg, orally) was given once a day for 5 days from postoperative day 14. Two hours after the final administration, spinal samples were collected. (B) Representative western blot bands and a data summary (n = 4 each group) of phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR in human neuron-like SH-SY5Y cells stimulated with IL-1β (1 ng/ml) and TNF-α (50 ng/ml) for 30 min with or without resveratrol (5, 25, or 125 μM) and compound C (20 μM). One-way ANOVA revealed a significant difference at ##P < 0.01 versus control; **P < 0.01 versus TCI or IL-1β/TNF-α group; and &P < 0.05 versus resveratrol-treated group (Bonferroni post hoc tests). Akt = protein kinase B; AMPK = adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase; GAPDH = glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; IL-1β = interleukin-1β; mTOR = mammalian target of rapamycin; TCI = tibia bone cavity tumor cell implantation; TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor-α.