Fig. 6. Effects of efaroxan (Efa1, 10−5; Efa2, 10−6; and Efa3, 10−7m) on dexmedetomidine (Dex, 10−6m) and rilmenidine (Ril, 10−4m)–induced extracellular signal–regulated protein kinase 2 biphosphorylation (pERK2). Data (mean ± SD) are expressed as a fractional pERK2 on actin ratio increase from basal phosphorylation (control: 100%). Analysis of variance for pERK2 was F = 785.6, P < 0.0001. Post hoc analysis used Bonferroni correction. ** P < 0.001 versus control, *** P < 0.0001 versus control.