Fig. 3. Cognitive function after escalating volumes of cerebral air emboli (CAE) during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) or sham operation (sham). Logistic regression demonstrates a relation between the survival without any cognitive deficits and the logarithm of CAE volumes (mean value ± 95% confidence interval). Preparation (CPB vs. sham) as well as treatment (xenon vs. nitrogen) showed no impact on cognitive outcome. Dose–effect curves for the subgroups (xenon and nitrogen groups) are not displayed.