Figure 3. Participants' and laryngoscopist's visual analogue scale (VAS) scores. There were no significant differences in participant “administration” VAS scores among the three groups. Those in the S&G group reported significantly higher “laryngoscopy” VAS scores (i.e., more discomfort during laryngoscopy) compared with participants in the S&G/spray and S&G/block groups (*P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the laryngoscopists' VAS scores assessing ease of visualization, although there was a trend (P < 0.08) toward less coughing or gagging in the S&G/spray group.