Fig. 5. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction confirmation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, A ), integrin-αM (ITGAM, B ), prostaglandin D2 synthase (PTGDS, C ), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1, D ), insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2, E ), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3, F ), decorin (DCN, G ), CD74 antigen (HLADG, H ), and aquaporin 4 (AQP4, I ) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in Sprague-Dawley rats 7 days after L5 nerve root ligation (LR, n = 3) or L5 spinal nerve transection (L5tx, n = 3). Results are reported as glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)–normalized, fold change from corresponding sham surgery. * Significant ( P < 0.05) change in mRNA expression in L5tx group compared with the L5tx sham. # Significant ( P < 0.05) change in mRNA expression in LR group compared with the LR sham.