Fig. 3. ( A ) Coincubation of cultures with lidocaine at 40 mm and either the inactive p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor, SB202474 (10 μm), or the active p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor, SB203580 (10 μm). ( B ) Time response of the protective effect of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibition, showing that inhibition is neuroprotective when added within 1 h after incubation with lidocaine. Data are presented as mean ± SD. * P < 0.05, *** P < 0.001. n ≥ 3 cultures per group. ctr = control; L = lidocaine; SB = SB203580.