Fig. 4. Lung histology of mice receiving saline inhalation ( A ), lipopolysaccharide aerosol ( B ), or isoflurane 12 h before lipopolysaccharide inhalation ( C ). Resident macrophages ( black arrows ) in A . Endotoxin treatment caused massive infiltration of both polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells ( B ). In mice receiving isoflurane before lipopolysaccharide, the leukocyte infiltration was reduced but perivascular cuffing persists. Representative areas in the different study groups are presented.