Fig. 5. (  A ) Effects of dexmedetomidine (Dex, 0.2 μm), PP2 (10⁻⁵m), and the association of dexmedetomidine and PP2 in presence or absence of orthovanadate (1 mm) during all the procedure in physiologic (normal cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] superfusion during all the procedure) or oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) (3 h normal CSF superfusion, 30 min oxygen- and glucose-free CSF superfusion, and 1 h normal CSF superfusion) conditions on focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation. Data (mean ± SD) are expressed as a fractional 125-kd tyrosine phosphorylation on actin ratio increase from basal phosphorylation for physiologic condition (control physiologic: 100%). Western blot bands show total 125-kd tyrosine phosphorylation (PT, 125-kd;  upper panels ) and phospho-tyrosine³⁹⁷focal adhesion kinase (P-Tyr³⁹⁷FAK;  lower panels ). (  B ) Effects of dexmedetomidine (0.2 μm), PP2 (10⁻⁵m), and the association of dexmedetomidine and PP2, in presence or absence of orthovanadate (1 mm) during all the procedure, in physiologic (normal CSF superfusion during all the procedure) or OGD (3 h normal CSF superfusion, 30 min oxygen- and glucose-free CSF superfusion, and 1 h normal CSF superfusion) conditions on P¹⁷caspase-3 expression. Data (mean ± SD) are expressed as a fractional P¹⁷caspase-3 (P¹⁷C3) increase from basal for physiologic condition (control physiologic: 100%). Western blots bands show P¹⁷caspase 3. MP = molecular probe.