Fig. 3. Local anesthetics depress synaptic transmission between visceral dorsal 4 (VD4) and left pedal dorsal 1 (LPeD1). ( A ) Soma–soma synapses were recorded in either the absence or the presence of lidocaine (lido; 3% mm). In the presence of lidocaine, synaptic (VD4-induced) but not cholinergic (at arrow ) responses were significantly depressed. Similar results were obtained in the presence of bupivacaine (bupi). The local anesthetic–induced effects were concentration dependent and reversible ( B ). # Comparative data sets; * data were statistically different from the control value. ACh = acetylcholine; EPSP = excitatory postsynaptic potential; Wash = washout.