Fig. 2. The final cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)-adjusted model. At the start of CPB, both V2 and Cl3 change. At the end of CPB, V1, Cl2, and Cl3 change. CPB = cardiopulmonary bypass; V1, V2 , and V3 = pharmacokinetic compartment volumes; Cl1 = elimination clearance; Cl2 = rapid intercompartmental clearance; Cl3 = slow intercompartmental clearance .