Fig. 5. Ca²⁺overload required for mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening during ischemia–reperfusion. After Ca²⁺loadings, the Ca²⁺concentration necessary to trigger the massive release of Ca²⁺by mitochondria due to mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening was depicted for protocol 1 (A ) and protocol 2 (B ). *P < 0.05 compared with ischemic (ISC) or sham 1 group. #P < 0.05 compared with sham 2 or sham 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD). §P < 0.05 compared with sham 1 group. μP < 0.05 compared with the group receiving the same experimental protocol with 5-HD. DES = desflurane group; IPC = ischemic preconditioning group.