Fig. 1. Algorithm for the management of an unanticipated difficult airway recommended two airway devices: the gum elastic bougie (GEB) and the Intubating Laryngeal Mask Airway™  (ILMA™ ). GEB was proposed as the first step in the case of difficult standard tracheal intubation. ILMA™  was used as the second step in the case of GEB failure or as the first step in the case of a difficult facemask ventilation scenario.